Christian symbols and their translations
The Chi Rho is one of the earliest cruciform symbols used by
Christians. It is formed by superimposing the first two letters of the word
"Christ" in Greek, chi = ch and rho = r. Although not technically a cross, the
Chi Rho invokes the crucifixion of Jesus as well as symbolizing his status as the Christ.
The earliest evidence of the Chi Rho symbol is Constantine's use of it on the labarum, the
imperial standard, in the early 4th century CE. Lactantius, a 4th century Christian
apologist, reports that on the eve of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 CE,
Constantine had a vision of God in which he was commanded to mark his men's shields with
the Chi Rho symbol. After Constantine's success at the Milvian bridge, the Chi Rho became
the official imperial insignia. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence demonstrating that
the Chi Rho was emblazoned on the helmet and shield of Constantine as well as those of all
of his soldiers. Coins and medallions minted during Constantine's reign also bore the Chi
Rho. By the year 350 CE, the Chi Rho began to be used on Christian sarcophagi and
frescoes. [A.E.M.] |
The philosopher A.N. Whitehead said that real symbols have
the power to change history. The history of the chalice symbol is significant. It began by
representing the religious courage of Jan Hus, a 15th century Czech priest, who was
martyred for offering communion to his congregants in defiance of the Roman church, which
reserved the sharing of wine to priests only. He was burnt at the stake for this act, and
Unitarians too have a history of being persecuted for innovative and democratic deeds in
religion. |
Ichthus (ikh-thoos) or ichthys is the Greek word simply meaning
fish.
The Greek spelling for ichthus is -- Iota, Chi, Theta, Upsilon, and Sigma. The English
translation is IXOYE. The five Greek letters stand for the words meaning, Jesus
Christ, Son of God, Savior. The Greek rendering is, Iesous Christos, Theou
Uios, Soter.
This symbol was used primarily amongst Christians of the early church years (1st and 2nd
century A.D.) The symbol was introduced from Alexandria, Egypt; which at the time, was a
very heavily populated seaport. It was the port in which many goods were brought over from
the European continent. Because of this, it was first used by the peoples of the sea as a
symbol of a familiar deity, in this case, Jesus Christ.
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After his commission at the foot of the San Damiano Cross, Saint Francis
chose a more ancient symbol of redemption as his standard: the Tau cross.
In commenting on the scriptures of Israel, the early Christian writers used its Greek
translation, the Septuagint, in which the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, the tau, was
transcribed as a T in Greek. Prefigured in the last letter of the Hebrew
alphabet, then, the stylized Tau cross came to represent the means by which Christ
reversed the disobedience of the old Adam and became our Savior as the New
Adam. |
The Latin Cross, also know as the Protestant Cross and
Western Cross Latin cross.
The Latin cross (crux ordinaria) is a symbol of Christianity even though it was used as a
pagan symbol for millennia before the foundation of the Christian Church.
It has been found in China and Africa. It appears on Scandinavian Bronze Age stones
depicting the hammer of Thor, their god of thunder and war. It was regarded as a magical
symbol. It brought good luck and diverted evil. Some people interpret rock carvings of the
cross as a solar symbol, or a symbol of Earth with its points representing north, south,
east, and west. Others say it represents the human form.
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Lamb: symbol of Christ as the
Paschal Lamb and also a symbol for Christians (as Christ is our Shepherd and Peter was
told to feed His sheep). The lamb is also a symbol for St. Agnes (Feast Day 21 January),
virgin martyr of the early Church. |
Dove: symbol of the Holy
Ghost and used especially in representations of our Lord's Baptism and the Pentecost. It
also symbolizes the release of the soul in death, and is used to recall Noah's dove, a
harbinger of hope. |
Rose: the Holy Faith, Our Lady, martyrdom, the secrecy of
penance. Five roses grouped together symbolize the 5 Wounds of Christ. |
Anchor: found in the first
century cemetery of St. Domitilla, the second and third century epitaphs of the catacombs,
and especially in the oldest parts of the cemeteries of Sts. Priscilla (about 70 examples
in this cemetery alone), Domitilla, Calixtus, and the Coemetarium majus. See Hebrews 6:19. |
Jerusalem
Cross: also called the "Crusaders' Cross," it is made up of 5 Greek Crosses
which are said to symbolize a) the 5 Wounds of Christ; and/or b) the 4 Gospels and the 4
corners of the earth (the 4 smaller crosses) and Christ Himself (the large Cross). This
Cross was a common symbol used during the wars against Islamic aggression. |
Baptismal Cross: consisting
of the Greek Cross with the Greek letter "X", the first initial of the title
"Christ," this Cross is a symbol of regeneration, hence, its association with
Baptism |
Peter's Cross: because when Peter was to be martyred he
chose to be crucified upside-down out of respect for Christ, the upside-down Latin Cross
has become his symbol and, thereby, a symbol of the papacy. Sadly, this cross has been
co-opted by Satanists whose purpose of "inverting" Christianity (e.g. as in
their Black 'Masses') is expressed by taking the Latin Cross of Christ and inverting it. |
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